Banks

Spain's largest bank, Banco Santander, has arrived at the higher reaches of the European banking league while working under a strict regulatory regime which could offer some lessons for Britain's beleaguered banking sector. For many years Santander has been a conservative, stolid operator suffocated by Spain's central bank. But the imposition of those rules has helped the bank avoid the worst of the credit crunch and left it as the fourth biggest mortgage lender in Britain. Based in the Cantabria region in the north of Spain, it grew from humble regional beginnings largely through trade routes and historic ties to Latin America, where it has built up a substantial business. By some estimates it has 10% of the Latin American market and many of the region's richest people as customers. In the early 1990s it avoided a banking crisis that forced Spain's central bank to rescue mortgage lender Banesto. Santander bought Banesto at a knock-down price and became a major inst...